The US Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit held Virginia’s “Partial Birth Infanticide” Act constitutional in Richmond Medical Center for Women v. Herring, No. 03-1821 (June 24, 2009). In Herring, a doctor sued to enjoin (i.e., legally stop) the Act’s enforcement, claiming that the Act was facially unconstitutional because it was so broad that it would criminalize the dilation and evacuation (“D&E”), the most common, least expensive, and safest method of second trimester abortions. The doctor claimed that, even after reading the statute, a reasonably intelligent doctor wouldn’t know what was legal and what was illegal. This would discourage doctors from performing the procedure, effectively eliminating a women’s right to an abortion. (Whether you like it or not, that's currently the law.)
Looking to Gonzales v. Carhart, 550 U.S. 124 (2007), a case decided by the Supreme Court on the Federal Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003 (18 U .S.C. 1531) while this case was waiting its turn there, the Fourth Circuit pointed out that the findings of the Virginia legislature and the doctor’s own statistical evidence showed that it was rare that a D&E would result in a situation giving rise to potential liability under the Act. Also, even in those rare cases where that could happen, the Act would most often provide a safe harbor, excusing the doctor’s actions because they would be necessary to save the life of the mother. So, there were only a small fraction of circumstances where the fetus was delivered alive and intact, and the mother’s life was not at risk. In those cases, though, 1) it would be clear what the doctor’s obligations would be under the Act, and 2) the state's criminalization of the behavior would be constitutional, because at that point the state would have an interest in protecting the life of a fetus, even considering past abortion decisions.
This is a tough issue for a lot of people. The legal point to be learned is that the courts shouldn't throw out statutes easily. Consider that when you wonder why a statute that you thought was bad was held constitutional. Maybe it is a bad law, but is the product of compromise. In most cases, the statutes better reflect the will of the people, and that should govern. We are a democracy, aren't we?